Obtaining a green card, also known as lawful permanent residency, allows individuals to live and work permanently in the United States. The process involves several steps, which vary depending on the eligibility category. Below is a summarized guide to the general process:

1. Determine Eligibility

Identify the category under which you qualify for a green card. Common categories include:

• Family-Based (e.g., immediate relatives of U.S. citizens, family preference categories).
• Employment-Based (e.g., skilled workers, investors).
• Asylees or Refugees.
• Diversity Visa Program (Lottery).
• Special Immigrant categories (e.g., religious workers).

2. File an Immigrant Petition

Most green card processes require an approved immigrant petition:

• Family-Based Green Cards: File Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative).
• Employment-Based Green Cards: File Form I-140 (Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker) or PERM labor certification.
• Other Categories: File the relevant petition, such as Form I-360 for certain special immigrants.

3. Wait for Visa Availability (if applicable)

If you are in a preference category, check the Visa Bulletin to ensure a visa is available in your category. Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens do not have to wait for visa availability.

4. File Form DS-260 or Form I-485

• Consular Processing: File Form DS-260 (Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration Application) through the U.S. embassy or consulate in your country.
• Adjustment of Status: File Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status) if you are already in the U.S. and eligible to adjust status.

5. Attend Biometrics Appointment

You will be scheduled for a biometrics appointment to provide fingerprints, photographs, and a signature. This is for background and security checks.

6. Attend the Interview (if required)

An interview is generally required to:

• Verify the information on your application.
• Assess your eligibility for a green card.
• Confirm the validity of your relationship (for family-based applications).

7. Receive Decision

After the interview or submission of requested documents:

• Approval: Receive your green card in the mail.
• Denial: You may appeal or reapply depending on the reasons for denial.

Additional Considerations

• Medical Examination: Complete a medical exam with a USCIS-approved civil surgeon.
• Fees: Pay the required filing and processing fees.
• Supporting Documents: Submit documents such as proof of relationship, financial support, and evidence of eligibility.
• Travel Restrictions: Avoid leaving the U.S. during the process without an advance parole document if filing for adjustment of status.

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